After a protracted process, in which the world’s richest man tried to pull out numerous times, Elon Musk finally purchased Twitter on October 28 for $44 billion. It’s been a wild and unpredictable ride ever since.
Anyone keeping up with Musk’s on-again, off-again, and finally on-again Twitter purchase would be forgiven for thinking that with it being finalized that would be the end of the drama.
In fact, it was just the start. In the two weeks since Musk bought Twitter, there have been mass layoffs, high-profile departures, an exodus of users and advertisers, and features that have been dumped as quickly as they were added.
It’s hard to keep up with it all, so we’ve fired up this live blog to keep you updated with what’s happening with the social media network, and to try to figure out what’s happening and what it means for Twitter users around the world.
Perhaps the most controversial thing to come from Musk’s Twitter takeover has been the changes to how accounts are verified.
Previously, if the verified account of a media outlet (such as TechRadar) or other organization published something, you would at least know that it came from an official source. The Blue Check also enabled Twitter users to tell the difference between the many celebrities on Twitter and users who were imitating them.
However, Musk implemented a change that would allow anyone to get verified for $8 a month.
Twitter’s current lords & peasants system for who has or doesn’t have a blue checkmark is bullshit. Power to the people! Blue for $8/month.November 1, 2022
This led to some people worrying that users could pretend to be official accounts and get easily verified, making it hard for people to tell which accounts were real – and which weren’t. And that’s exactly what happened.
Despite the concerns and complaints, Musk was initially dismissive.
To all complainers, please continue complaining, but it will cost $8November 2, 2022
By posting memes about people’s complaints, it left many people feeling that he wasn’t exactly taking the issue seriously.
pic.twitter.com/BYOBGBHOUANovember 2, 2022
However, as people predicted, verified accounts started popping up on Twitter, and while many of them were obviously parodies, because they had the ‘Blue Tick’, it became difficult to tell, especially with the more subtle accounts.
Unsurprisingly, the individuals and companies that were being parodied weren’t too happy about this.
A brand new parody Twitter account that paid for verification and chose the display name of ESPN’s Adam Schefter tweeted Josh McDaniels was fired. The credible-looking tweet received nearly 10,000 engagements. Twitter suspended the account after two hours. https://t.co/diegQfkpA1November 9, 2022
Worryingly for Twitter, many brands started to announce that they would no longer advertise on the platform.
Musk himself fell victim to this, with countless fake accounts popping up claiming to be him – and with a Blue Tick to prove it. This seemed to be the final straw, as Musk then backtracked on some of the more lax elements of the new verification process.
Going forward, accounts engaged in parody must include “parody” in their name, not just in bioNovember 11, 2022
Here’s an example of how hard some of these fake accounts are to spot:
First account is the verified official one. Second is a $8 fake thanks to the Musk subscription. Easy to tell when you look at the follower count, very, very hard to tell when shared into your feed. Impossible actually without clicking through. HT @meemalee for spotting. pic.twitter.com/uKumOYRTeINovember 10, 2022
So, almost inevitably, it seems the Blue Tick verification process has been canned.
The chaos continues. Twitter pulls the plug on Twitter Blue, subscriptions and paid-for verification blue checkmark no longer available.November 11, 2022
As the tweet above states, the chaos continues – hence why we’ve started this live blog. What is going on?
Let’s recap:
On October 30, Elon Musk, CEO and Founder of Space X, CEO of Tesla, finally took charge of Twitter after a long-winded buyout of the platform.
In under a month, we’ve seen the verification process become irrelevant and confusing due to the subscription service, Twitter Blue being able to grant any user a blue tick, and there’s also been a huge firing of staff.
On November 11, Twitter Blue was removed entirely, and there’s been silence from Musk since.
This was my first Tweet. I wonder what will be my last. https://t.co/pfruo5mqtUNovember 11, 2022
Here’s our US Editor-in-Chief Lance Ulanoff showing his very first tweet back in 2007.
As it includes a bagel, it’s already a great tweet in my book. The next question for me is, could his final tweet include a bagel to round it off?
Let’s be clear – there’s not going to be a replacement for Twitter. Nothing really can be, but there are potential alternatives.
With this in mind, we’ve got three for you to consider.
An interesting read by Hamish Hector here – there’s a Chrome extension where it will tell you if a user has been verified with a blue tick, or if they’ve gained one by signing up to Twitter Blue when it was live.
Hit all-time high of active users todayNovember 11, 2022
So where do we stand so far?
Musk has yet to react to any development to Twitter today, which is surprising. The above is, at the time of posting this, his latest tweet.
However, we’ve noticed a small change with the ticks, where it’s also blue when you’re in dark mode on the site.
being on Twitter right now is like playing the violin on the titanic except we are also making fun of the iceberg and the iceberg is getting genuinely madNovember 6, 2022
Our (fantastic) Computing writer Muskaan Saxena sent me this tweet, and it’s a great analogy for how users are feeling on Twitter.
A mad iceberg in the shape of the Twitter bird is quite the image.
First account is the verified official one. Second is a $8 fake thanks to the Musk subscription. Easy to tell when you look at the follower count, very, very hard to tell when shared into your feed. Impossible actually without clicking through. HT @meemalee for spotting. pic.twitter.com/uKumOYRTeINovember 10, 2022
Another one that was sent to me from Muskaan, this tweet shows how broken the verification system under Twitter Blue was. One is the genuine Apple TV Plus account, another is a fake one.
Hopefully we’ll see a reversal of this, as it’s already confusing to tell which one is real or fake for many users.
NEW: Twitter has suspended the launch of Twitter Blue and is actively trying to stop people from subscribing “to help address impersonation issues,” per an internal note. 1/November 11, 2022
Zoë Schiffer, writer at Platformer, tweeted the above that a message was posted in the Twitter Slack, that confirmed the end of Twitter Blue and paid blue ticks in order to stop the impersonations, but any existing subscriptions to the service will carry on as usual.
Our US Editor-In-Chief Lance Ulanoff sent us this which reads as though he’s saying farewell to Twitter:
“I’ve met some of the coolest people on Twitter. I’ve interacted with my idols and icons and made true friends. Twitter has always worked the way my brain works – in bite-sized pieces. Honestly not sure how I’ll maintain certain friendships and connections or where I’ll post random thoughts that make me happy without it. Please, Microsoft, buy Twitter.”
If you’ve heard of Mastodon this week, you’re not alone. Luckily, I’ve been trying it out lately and it’s a great alternative. There are a couple of apps you can use right now on iOS and Android if you’ve already signed up to Mastodon as well.
Just to add to the chaos, Musk has now tweeted this from the Twitter HQ. While we don’t ever suggest reading too much into tweets, especially from someone as mercurial as Musk, it does perhaps give us a glimpse into the current mindset of the remaining Twitter employees…
Twitter HQ is great (this is a real pic) pic.twitter.com/qjfOQCr533November 11, 2022
By tweeting and highlighting this, it seems that Musk is aware, though what he thinks of it is a mystery, as always.
People forget that pull-to-refresh was invented by Loren Brichter, and first deployed in his Tweetie app, which Twitter acquired long ago. Twitter owns a patent for it, but it’s now so commonly used that it’s impossible to imagine mobile UI without it. https://t.co/rqy5VUrnq1November 17, 2020
I was thinking back to when I first used Twitter on my iPhone, and it was indeed Tweetie, which was bought by the company, and then turned into the app you use today.
The pull-to-refresh gesture is now a standard on many apps, such as Apple’s Safari and Mail apps.
Needs some tweaks, but overall proceeding wellNovember 11, 2022
Here’s a reply from Musk an hour ago, where he’s enthusiastic of how Twitter Blue is going so far.
Which makes us wonder – has he gotten the memo?
What’s a journalist?
Lance Ulanoff hopping in here:
For Chief Twit Elon Musk, so much of the Blue Check verification mess boils down to Citizen Journalism.
Musk wants everyone on Twitter to deliver the news (nothing has stopped them up to now). However, the unlevel playing field of Blue Check haves and have-nots has created, as Musk sees it, an imbalance. With the meaning and value of Blue checks reduced to the price of an expensive cup of coffee (one per month), it means anyone can be verified and, if they report news on Twitter, have the same visibility.
Musk Tweeted Friday afternoon, “As Twitter pursues the goal of elevating citizen journalism, media elite will try everything to stop that from happening.”
In Musk’s eyes, professional journalists are the “media elite” and we’re blocking his everyone is a journalist dream.
As this tech reporter told Musk on Twitter, though, the issue is not citizen journalists, it’s that the entire Blue Check system is no longer tied to identity, quality, or any semblance of truth. Without that, no one, including his citizen journalists, can be trusted.
As Twitter pursues the goal of elevating citizen journalism, media elite will try everything to stop that from happeningNovember 11, 2022
Unchecking
Despite the controversy surrounding the new Blue Check process and the ability to become a Twitter Blue member suddenly disappearing from the platform, many people have already opted to pay $8 for their own Blue Check.
If, however, you’re not satisfied, you can, according to Twitter user @Dash, get a quick refund on your $8 subscription charge through Apple.
This isn’t surprising since it’s easy to unsubscribe to almost any service you’ve paid for through Apple’s App Store.
What @Dash claims, though, is that after your refund, you still get to keep the “tick” (Blue Check) for 30 days. That may or may not be so, though. While it might take some time for Apple to process the cancellation and hand it off to Twitter, it seems unlikely that the Blue Check would hang around for long.
If there’s anyone out there who did have Blue Check buyer’s remorse, canceled, and still has the tick, let us know.
So, fun fact! You can claim a refund for Twitter Blue through Apple, receive all of your money back in one day and then keep the tick for 30 days.Very cool, I’m sure that no potential bad actors will exploit this!!! pic.twitter.com/JGg6S4gnpLNovember 10, 2022
This system is a joke
Over at The Washington Post, tech journalist Geoffrey Fowler, with the permission of a sitting Senator and a comedian, created two fake “verified” Blue Check Twitter accounts in minutes.
Massachusetts Senator Edward J. Markey and comedian Blaire Erskine both agree to let Fowler create the fake accounts in their names.
As Fowler writes:
“Twitter has said accounts that impersonate people are not allowed and face suspension when they’re discovered. It booted comedian Kathy Griffin after she changed her Twitter screen name to Elon Musk. But there’s very little about Twitter’s new paid service that stops you from verifying a fake account. As of the time I published this column, its systems hadn’t detected these were not authentic accounts and they remained online.”
What does this prove? That there is no verification in this “verification.” Elon Musk has created a broken system (one since hidden) and that has already been gamed by others to more devastating effect.
Someone created a fake Ely Lilly And Co “verified” Twitter account and then tweeted that insulin was now free. While it may have been coincidental. the real drug company’s stock did take a dive.
Yeah, it’s not great when @geoffreyfowler can set up a fake Twitter account for a U.S. Senator in minutes. (Geoff had permission from Sen. Markey.) https://t.co/YMBA9cEsUI pic.twitter.com/PE7bS6BJSqNovember 11, 2022
Twitter Blues
While Twitter Blue signups are currently on pause, we might finally have some insight into how well (or not) the new program is proceeding.
According to a report in Mashable, which got some Twitter Blue signup numbers from app-tracking firm Sensor Tower, Twitter Blue signups generated $488,000, which is, at $8 a pop, 61,000 subscribers.
Let’s just say that’s not quite a blue wave. It’s not terrible, but Twitter has hundreds of millions of daily active users and only a fraction of them are legacy verified. We should have seen millions of people signing up for Twitter Blue, right?
If 91% of Twitter’s revenue is generated from ads (roughly $5 billion in 2021), Twitter Blue has an incredibly long way to go before it can support 50% of Twitter’s overall revenue.
As of this moment, though, there is no Twitter Blue signup, and there probably won’t be until Musk and Twitter can figure out how to get people to sign up without causing significant verification and identity issues.
As the former Head of News for Twitter in India/SEAsia can say with some authority that has never been the case. And it is not even Twitter’s USP. Twitter serves as the heartbeat of the news cycle & gives news orgs valuable access to public conversations around these cycles. https://t.co/ivDy86Nk8XNovember 13, 2022
Elon Musk tweeted his thoughts about Twitter engagement late last night, and it’s been a debatable post to say the least.
A subtweet from Raheel Khursheed caught our eye, as he explains how the social platform barely made a footprint when it came to linking to other sites.
SpaceX just bought a big ad campaign on Twitter for Starlink – my latest for @cnbc https://t.co/UqQpLgmwAL It’s a “takeover,” media planners. Those things usually cost in the ballpark of $250k per day.November 14, 2022
As every day passes there seems to be something that causes an eyebrow to be raised. Elon Musk’s other company, SpaceX, has seemingly bought an ad campaign to run on Twitter for the foreseeable.
As Lora Kolodny tweets above, these usually cost in the region of $250,000 a day, but it wouldn’t be a far cry to suspect that SpaceX has received a bit of a discount compared to other companies’ ad takeovers in the past.
Scoop: Twitter went into a stricter-than-ever-before change freeze starting a few hours ago. Not only are deploys not allowed, but Git is now readonly by default (!)The mandate is coming from the infra team, “until further notice.” Here’s why this is an odd one:November 14, 2022
If you’ve been experiencing some issues when using Twitter as some on the TechRadar team have, you’re not alone.
It also looks as though you’ll be suffering with these issues for a bit longer, as a ‘change freeze’ has been put into effect. This essentially means that any changes to the code of Twitter, from how it works to any features in development, have been paused.
This is a lie. I ran this program up until a week ago when I resigned because I didn’t want to work for @elonmusk For breakfast & lunch we spent $20-$25 a day per person. This enabled employees to work thru lunchtime & mtgs. Attendance was anything from 20-50% in the offices. https://t.co/0OjbeComkaNovember 13, 2022
Ex-Twitter employees are subtweeting Musk with corrections to his tweets, but this time, Musk replied to Tracy Hawkins here, arguing that this tweet is allegedly false.
Expect to see more of these tweets in the near future – we’re in a period where employees are feeling unsure about the company’s roadmap, and their own future at Twitter.
And we will finally stop adding what device a tweet was written on (waste of screen space & compute) below every tweet. Literally no one even knows why we did that …November 14, 2022
After a mildly-quiet Friday, Musk has been replying to a bunch of users today, with confirmation that the ‘Sent from iPhone’ message is going away.
If you’re unaware, as you’d send a tweet from an iPhone or an Android device, the tweet would state this. It’s resulted in some embarrassing moments for brands, where it would send a tweet advertising an Android device, but it would be sent from an iPhone.
So this removal could be to do with advertisements yet again, not just because Musk and his team isn’t sure why that feature has been around for years.
I *think* it might now be turned back on.Still, not exactly a glorious few hours for Twitter…November 14, 2022
We’ve started to spot some tweets of two-factor authentication not working. If you’ve put an email or a mobile number in to help verify your account when you sign in, it looks like it’s not working correctly.
The code needed to help you sign in isn’t being sent, but it looks as though it works for email for some, and not a phone number.
In any case, it’s concerning that a feature to help secure your account is starting to show bugs and refuse to work for some users.
If you’re worried, it may be best to check that email verification is switched on for your account as soon as you can.
i spent 2 hours curating a twitter blue screenshot storyline for my parents so here u go, for your own offline friends that want to have fun:DAY 1 – ARRIVAL pic.twitter.com/aQbbSPG9JBNovember 15, 2022
Thanks to Twitter user @Christapeterso, a timeline of Elon Musk owning Twitter up until the present day is here for all to see, and it’s only when you read through this thread, that you realize so much has happened in such a short space of time.
Bad news, not-necessarily bad news
It probably comes as no surprise to most of you who’ve been tracking the Elon Musk Twitter saga for some time that Musk isn’t much of a listener.
According to a new Casey Newton Platformer newsletter, Musk was warned in a lengthy memo before the November 9 rollout of the paid verification plan that there would be trouble.
The document, which Platform obtained, reads more like a historical document than a “what if.” It spells out how the plan would lead to the “Impersonation of world leaders, advertisers, brand partners, election officials, and other high-profile individuals.”
That is exactly what happened before Musk hit the brakes and now appears to have no follow-up plan for Twitter Blue and paid Blue Check verifications.
They also warned how the new plan would drive away current verified users. Some have left because they’re no longer protected from impersonation.
However, we have some good news. According to Newton, Twitter currently has no easy way of removing verified checks from those who choose not to pay. In other words, if you have a verified account right now (the one you got before the payment system was implemented), you might have it for a while longer, especially because Musk laid off many of the people who might help program such a change.
Included among the Twitter departed is Sachee MacCaw, a Twitter Software engineer who ruthlessly trolled Musk on Twitter, especially after he criticized how the system works on Android until he fired her. —Lance Ulanoff
According to the Washington Post, Musk has sent another email to all Twitter employees, asking them to commit to a ‘Twitter 2.0’ with a ‘hardcore’ work ethic.
The message also said that those who did not sign the pledge by 5PM Eastern time Thursday, or 10PM UK time, were told that they would receive three months of severance pay.
It’s yet another demand from its staff after a turbulent five weeks, and there’s still a chance that this could be reversed by the time we head into Christmas.
Elon Musk invited fake Twitter employees “Rahul Ligma” and “Daniel Johnson” to the company’s HQ and pretends that he rehired them. pic.twitter.com/gC97GvvmQ3November 15, 2022
In a strange move by Musk, this was posted where two actors, previously making out that they had been fired last month, were pictured to be with them, showing that they had been ‘rehired’.
Where’s the funny here?
Punting relaunch of Blue Verified to November 29th to make sure that it is rock solidNovember 15, 2022
If you missed out on Twitter Blue and its verification ‘feature’, Musk confirmed earlier that it’s coming back on Tuesday, November 29, around the time when Black Friday weekend is winding down.
Free speech = Agree with Musk speech
Elon Musk is a “champion” of free speech and often tweets about how he wants Twitter to be a virtual public square where people can openly express their views.
However, Musk has shown little patience for comedy and, it seems almost zero tolerance for Twitter employees who disagree with him on the platform and even inside Twitter, where Twitter has its own company chat board.
According to a new report in The New York Times, Musk fired a Twitter developer, Eric Frohnhoefer, who disagreed with him on Twitter about Android app performance. Musk also, the report claims, asked his team to scan the team chat board for “insubordinate staff” and then fired them, some of whom were commiserating about Frohnhoefer’s firing.
Instead of denying the report, Musk sarcastically tweeted, “I would like to apologize for firing these geniuses. Their immense talent will no doubt be of great use elsewhere.”
We’re pretty sure no one would believe any of this if it weren’t all happening before our eyes and on one of the most popular social media platforms on the planet.
–Lance Ulanoff
Is that light at the end of the tunnel or will the tunnel collapse before we get there? https://t.co/CEIL9mcE1ENovember 16, 2022
An interesting aside to Musk’s appearance at a trial earlier today, where he’s discussing a $56 billion pay package involving Tesla.
Musk has revealed that once the ‘restructuring’ is complete at Twitter, he’ll be handing it off to a new CEO.
As our Managing Editor for Entertainment, Matt Bolton quipped earlier: “He’s going to salt the earth, then ask why the next person didn’t grow anything.”
Morning folks, we’re back with the latest Twitter news, and boy have quite a few things happened.
Following the mass layoffs that occurred at Twitter two weeks ago – when Elon Musk fired an estimated half of the platform’s workforce – he issued a demand to those that remained on Wednesday (November 16): commit to the new “extremely hardcore” work culture or leave.
Scoop: Elon Musk just sent an email to all staff outlining “Twitter 2.0″, writing it will”need to be extremely hardcore”. Long hours, high intensity. People need to click “yes” to confirm being part of this by 5pm ET tomorrow, else they get 3 months severance. More details:November 16, 2022
Twitter staff were asked to confirm they’re committed to working longer hours and accept that “only exceptional performance will constitute a passing grade” by 5pm ET on November 17 (10pm GMT, November 17 / 8am AEST, November 18), or get three months severance and leave the company.
Well, it turns out many people at Twitter weren’t enthusiastic about the prospect of working even harder than they are now on Musk’s “Twitter 2.0”. Reportedly hundreds of staff have been posting farewell messages on Twitter’s internal Slack channels after the 5pm ET deadline passed.
According to anonymous sources who spoke to The Verge this new batch of resignations means that several “critical” teams at Twitter have lost all or nearly all of their members. This apparently includes Twitter’s traffic and frontend teams that ensure engineering requests are sent to the correct backend services, as well as the entirety of Twitter’s core system libraries team – with one employee admitting about the latter that “you cannot run Twitter without [them].”
But based on his Twitter timeline, Elon Musk is apparently pretty relaxed about the whole situation. In a tweet following this new employee exodus, he said that “The best people are staying, so I’m not super worried.”
He later followed up with several memes, including one showing Twitter posing in front of its own grave.
pic.twitter.com/rbwbsLA1ZGNovember 18, 2022
Memes aside, however, Elon Musk isn’t as seemingly blasé about the situation in private. There are reports that Twitter has once again suspended staff’s badge access and that its offices are temporarily closed. Twitter’s staff have been told that offices will reopen on Monday, November 21, though they haven’t been told why access is currently restricted.
NEW: Twitter just alerted employees that effective immediately, all office buildings are temporarily closed and badge access is suspended. No details given as to why.November 17, 2022
The current theory is that Elon Musk and senior staff at Twitter are worried that employees who have not committed to Twitter 2.0 will sabotage the platform on their way out. On top of that, it sounds like they’re also trying to work out who is leaving (and needs their office access revoked) and who is staying.
According to a Twitter post made at 9:42pm ET on November 17 (02:43am GMT / 12:43pm AEST on November 18) by Zoë Schiffer – the managing editor of Platformer – because only the names of people who said “Yes” to Twitter 2.0 have been collected it’s not immediately clear who has actually left.
We imagine Elon Musk and his cronies will also be trying to convince staff leaving critical teams to stay – especially the teams that would then have zero members without them. If discussions are ongoing this would likely add even more confusion to the situation as Musk wouldn’t want to revoke access for Twitter staff who end up staying with the company.
Reversals and big decisions
Like virtually every other bit of strategy Twitter owner Elon Musk has introduced to the beleaguered social media platform, they all – even the biggest ones – play out on Twitter.
After booting comedian Kathy Griffin and other parody and humor accounts, Musk said he was reinstating Griffin, Jorden Peterson, and the satirical online newspaper, The Babylon Bee.
Musk also made it clear that he is considering bringing Former President Donald Trump back, though the “decision has not yet been made.
Perhaps the even bigger news is the unveiling of a new Twitter policy, which Musk initially teased with a tweet that said “Freedom Fridays…”
The new policy quickly followed in another tweet.
“New Twitter policy is freedom of speech, but not freedom of reach.
Negative/hate tweets will be max deboosted & demonetized, so no ads or other revenue to Twitter. You won’t find the tweet unless you specifically seek it out, which is no different from rest of Internet.”
Part of this appears to be allowing “hate” speech on the platform but hiding it. That still means people could see it (though maybe only if they conduct a Twitter or Google search). While this move will surely concern some and freak out advertisers, Musk’s plan is to not monetize any of these tweets.
A larger question remains. How will Musk and his team identify “Negative/hate tweets”? Those details weren’t included. Nor did Musk explain how and when a tweet might be so incendiary that it would be, say, too hateful and be removed from the platform, or get its author banned.
The flurry of tweets came shortly after reports that Musk had reversed his decision to lock Twitter’s doors on Friday and, apparently, ordered some people back to work.
-Lance Ulanoff
New Twitter policy is freedom of speech, but not freedom of reach.Negative/hate tweets will be max deboosted & demonetized, so no ads or other revenue to Twitter. You won’t find the tweet unless you specifically seek it out, which is no different from rest of Internet.November 18, 2022
Welcome back?
Over the weekend, Twitter owner Elon Musk ran a poll of his followers asking if he should reinstate former President Donald Trump whose account was suspended following the Jan 6th riots.
A day later, Musk reinstate the account with all of its tweets intact. Thus far, Trump has said he’s not coming back. He does have his own platform, Truth Social, after all.
While Trump took a wait-and-see approach, rapper Kayne West officially rejoined the platform on Sunday. His account was suspended after anti-Semitic tweets, and reinstated shortly before Musk took over, but this was the first time he’d tweeted. Naturally, Musk welcomed him back to the platform.
At the same time that Musk was inviting back Ye and the former president (and posting memes about whether or not Trump would return), he was busy promoting The World Cup, promising better coverage of the Qatar-based, global football event than anywhere else.
From the look of things, Musk is all but living at Twitter HQ as he assesses the impact of his own changes and pulls in engineers (those that remain) for all-nighters. Musk shared images on Saturday from a late-night code review with his engineers. While we were fascinated by the whiteboard, some took note of the complete lack of female representation, at least in the photos.
Looks like we’re in for another interesting week in Twitterville.
I’ve been trying out Hive today after a bunch of friends and my wife decided to join it over the past 24 hours.
After using the app, it struck me how Mastodon needs to quickly find its footing as an alternative to Twitter, fast.